MINERALS INDEX
Clinohedrite |
| H2CaZnSiO5 |
| Monoclinic-domatic |
Forms
a(100), b(010), f(210), h(320), m(110),
m1(110), n(120), n1(120),
l(130), d(150), e(101), e1(101),
p(111), p1(111),
q(111), q1(111),
r(331), s(551),
t(771), k(311),
k1(311), A(311),
g(511), u(531),
v(171), w(151),
o(131), o1(131),
x(131), x1(131),
y(121), j(251),
and B(434). The form B(434) is new. Measurement on two faces
gave for it: f
= 71° 47' , r
= 37° 45' ; computed for (434) f
= 71° 47' , r
= 37° 44'.
[Combinations on crystals of clinohedrite]
Habit
Crystals of clinohedrite are generally prismatic or tabular, but some
are wedge-shaped because of the peculiar distribution of the faces in
the domatic class of monoclinic crystals. The mineral is found also in
granular and lamellar aggregates.
Physical properties
The cleavage is perfect parallel to the clinopinacoid but is not invariably
developed where it is, the cleavage surfaces have a pearly luster. The
crystals are brilliant, glassy, and transparent an range in color from
amethystine to snow-white to colorless. The mineral is strongly pyroelectric.
Under the iron-are spark it fluoresces strongly with a somewhat orange
tint, not easily distinguished from the yellow fluorescence of pectolite.
Its specific gravity is 3.28 to 3.335, and its hardness is 5.5.
Clinohedrite is optically negative, the birefringence is 0.01, and the axial plane and bisectrix are normal to the clinopinacoid. Y /\ c = 28° ; 2V (medium large); a = 1.662, b = 1.667, g = 1.669.
Composition
Clinohedrite is a calcium-zinc silicate analogous in chemical structure
to calamine. Some of it contains small amounts of oxides of manganese,
magnesium, and iron.
The molecular ratio yielded by the analyses shows nearly equal parts of the four constituentsSiO2, ZnO, CaO, and H2O; hence the derived formula is simple. The close agreement of the several analyses is also noteworthy.
Occurrence
Clinohedrite was first described by Penfield and Foote (175), from
whose paper this description is chiefly taken. It was seen by them
in a few specimens found on the dump of the Parker shaft (not the
Trotter mine, as stated by Penfield and Foote) and was supposed to
have come from a depth of about 1,000 feet, but the exact location
in the mine and the form and geologic relations of the deposit are
not known. This is the more unfortunate because in the specimens and
closely associated with the clinohedrite were found the rare minerals
hancockite, nasonite, glaucochroite, and roeblingite, of which only
nasonite is known elsewhere. The many other minerals also found there
indicate that the assemblage was formed under peculiar conditions,
information regarding which would be of much interest.
The type specimen of clinohedrite in the Hancock collection is a group of lovely amethystine crystals lining a cavity an inch across in a mass of franklinite ore mixed with green willemite and hancockite. In other specimens veins of clinohedrite cut massive axinite and hancockite, and lamellar clinohedrite lines cavities and contains embedded prismatic crystals of clear-green willemite and also fills the interstices in a mixture of green willemite and glaucochroite.
| Figure
158 Prismatic crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms a(100), b(010), h(320), m(110), m1(110), n(120), l(130), p(111), and u(531). Parker shaft. |
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Figure
159 Crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), d(150), l(130), e(101), p(111), q(111), r(331), s(551), t(771), k(311), u(531), and v(171), and w(151). Parker shaft. The crystal is viewed with the orthoaxis in front instead of in the usual position. |
| Figure
160 Doubly terminated crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), e(101), e1(101), p(111), q(111), q1(111), o(131), o1(131), r(331), s(551), t(771), u(531), g(511), and x(131). Parker shaft. The crystal is viewed with the orthoaxis in front instead of in the usual position. |
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In 1914 clinohedrite was identified by the author on two specimens from Franklin obtained for the Harvard collection by Mr. Cahn. There is little doubt that they came from the deeper levels at the north end of the ore body. In one of them short, stout crystals of clinohedrite (figure 161) are thickly implanted over several square inches of a surface of massive ore that contains vugs in which are crystals of hodgkinsonite and willemite. The clinohedrite crystals are white or faintly amethystine and are not more than a tenth of an inch in greatest dimension. Because of their habit and the pearly luster on the clinopinacoid they were at first mistaken for gypsum.
| Figure
161 Stout prismatic crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), e(101), p(111), and u(531). Parker shaft. |
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The other specimen shows a vein one-fifth of an inch thick in ore made up of franklinite and granular hodgkinsonite. The vein is drusy, containing fan-shaped clusters of white, opaque platy crystals of clinohedrite, strongly resembling barite or calcite, of the habit shown in figure 162, with pink crystals of hodgkinsonite and clear white calcite.
| Figure
162 Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), e(101), p(111), q1(111), k1(311), x(131), and j(251). Parker shaft. |
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In 1928 in the mine at Franklin, on the 400-foot level in the north end, specimens were found that contained clinohedrite associated with several other species as described on page 81. The clinohedrite is fairly abundant in clusters of prismatic crystals lining cavities and intergrown with needles of larsenite. It is snow-white or glassy and transparent, with optical properties identical with those of the mineral from the occurrence first described. The prismatic habit is developed parallel to the zone containing the forms e, p, b, and p1. These crystals are shown in figures 163 and 164 and are markedly different in habit from any others hitherto described.
| Figure
163 Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m(110), m1(110), n1(120), e(101), p(111), p1(111), and A(311). Franklin. |
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Figure
164 Projection on the clinopinacoid of a crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms b(010), m1(110), n(120), n1(120), p(111), p1(111), q(111), t(771), A(311), and x1(131). Franklin. |
The crystal shown in figure 165 came from another specimen in this lot. It is doubly terminated and shows the new form B(434).
| Figure
165 Doubly terminated crystal of clinohedrite showing the forms a(100), m(110), m1(110), e(101), p(111), p1(111), q1(111), s(551), u(531), and B(434). Franklin. |
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© by Herb Yeates 1997-2001.
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